一、 国家政策形势及相关法律法规
The
Country’s policy situation and relevant laws and regulations
1. 背景介绍
Background
introduction
1) 中央纪委监察部成立治理商业贿赂领导小组及办公室；
The
Central Commission of Discipline Inspection Supervision department set up the
teams and offices of governing the commercial bribery
2) 《关于为做好惩治商业贿赂犯罪专项工作开展专题调研的通知》从政策层面给商业贿赂定义：检察机关打击的商业贿赂犯罪，特指在商业活动领域中发生的国家工作人员或国有单位的贿赂犯罪；
“About
the notice of carrying out the special investigation to punish the commercial
bribery crime”definite the commercial bribery from the policy aspect: the
commercial bribery crime attacked by prosecutorial organization, particularly
the bribery crime of national staff or state-owned units happened in the
commercial activities.
3) 危害。
Damage
2. 相关法律法规介绍
The
introduction of relevant laws and regulations
1) 《刑法》；
The
Criminal Law
2) 《反不正当竞争法》；
Anti-unfair
competition law
3) 国家工商行政管理局发布的《关于禁止商业贿赂行为的暂行规定》；
The
state administration of Industry and Commerce published “the Interim provisions of prohibiting the commercial bribery”
4) 最高人民法院、最高人民检察院关于在办理受贿犯罪大要案的同时要严肃查处严重行贿犯罪分子的通知；
TH
Supreme People’s Court, the Supreme People’s Procuration’s notice on seriously
investigating the serious bribery crime when dealing with bribery crime cases.
5) 最高人民法院、最高人民检察院1989年《关于执行〈关于惩治贪污罪贿赂罪的补充规定〉若干问题酌解答》；
The
Supreme People’s Court, the Supreme People’s Procuration 1989 “About
the action<the implementation regulations on punishing the crimes of
embezzlement and bribery”
6) 《财务通则》《会计准则》《商品流通企业财务制度》。
“Financial
rules”“Accounting Standards”“the
Commodity Circulation enterprise financial system”
二、 了解“法律高压线”在哪里？
Understand
where the legal high line is?
1. 对“贿赂”传统理解的误区
The
traditional misunderstanding of bribery
1) 刑法第一百六十三条规定的公司、企业人员受贿罪；
Article
163rd of the criminal law
regulated the bribery crime for enterprise, enterprise officers
2) 刑法第一百六十四条规定的对公司、企业人员行贿罪
Article
164thof the criminal law regulated the bribery crime for enterprise,
enterprise officers
1. 违法的“贿赂”与犯罪的“贿赂”
The
illegal “bribery”and
criminal “bribery”
1) 违法但尚不构成犯罪的贿赂:
The
minor breach, does not reach the bottom line of criminal investigation
a) 轻微的违法行为,没有达到刑法追究底线；
b) 违法《反不正当竞争法》相关条款, 《但是刑法》无明确追究规定的。
Illegal “anti unfair competition” relevant provisions, “criminal law” with unclear accountability provisions
2) 下列行为属于两部法律不交叉的部分
The
following acts belong to the parts of the two uncrossed law
a) 以单位为主体的受贿行为；
The
bribery behavior as the subject by the unit
b) 2个人受贿的行为；
The
2 people bribery behavior
c) 以非财产性利益进行的贿赂。
The
bribery taken with non-property interests
2. 不同身份，两种命运——公司人员贿赂犯罪与公务员贿赂犯罪
Different
status, two kinds of destinies----the company’s staff bribery crime and civil
servants’bribery
1) 犯罪主体不同；
Different
crime subject
2) 犯罪客体不同；
Different
crime object
3) 定罪量刑幅度不同。
Different
amplitude of the crime punishment fits
3. 行贿罪与受贿罪
The
bribery crime and taking bribery crime
1) 不是有行贿就必然有受贿，或者有受贿就必然有行贿；
It’s
not that having bribery, must take bribery, or taking bribery, must have
bribery
2) 因被勒索给予国家工作人员以财物，没有获得不正当利益的，不是行贿。
Because
of being extorted, gives property to the state, gains no illegitimate
interests, not bribery.
4. 贿赂行为中的单位犯罪
The
unit crime in bribery behavior
我国的单位一般分为国家机关、国有公司、企业、事业单位、人民团体和非国有的公司、企业、事业单位、社会团体。
Our
country’s unit is generally divided into state agencies, state-owned company,
enterprises and institutions, people’s organizations and non-state-owned
companies, enterprise, units and social organizations.
1) 受贿单位作为犯罪主体；
Regard
the bribery unit as crime subject
2) 行贿单位作为犯罪主体
Regards
the taken bribery as crime subject
三、 哪些销售行为碰了“高压线”？
What
kind of sales behavior touched the high-voltage lines?
1. 法律意义上的“回扣”、“佣金”和“附赠”
The rebate, commission and bonus in law
1) “回扣”；Rebate
2) “佣金”；Commission
3) “附赠”Bonus
上述财产利益的形式如果符合刑法的规定,都会涉及犯罪
If
the above property form meet the provisions of the criminal law, will be
involved in crime
2. 财物之外的利益能否成立刑法上的“贿赂”
Whether the interests
outside the property can establish the bribery in criminal law
1) 解释：“根据罪刑法定原则，非财物利益不构成受贿罪行”
Explanation: according to the principle of legality, non-property interest can not
constitute the bribery crimes
2) 行为人利用职务上的便利索取或非法收受非财产性利益，而为他人谋取利益的行为。其中，非财产性利益主要包括：介绍职业、提职晋级、调换工作、授予荣誉称号、提供******等。
The
perpetrator takes advantage of his duty to get or illegally accepts the
non-property benefit, and gain benefits for others. And non-property interests
mainly include: introduce occupation, promotion, change the job, provide the
honor, provide sexual services etc..
但是，这并不是说，对以非财产性利益为犯罪对象的贿赂犯罪就予以放纵，而应按刑法规定的其他罪加以惩处。
However,
this is not to say, to ignore the bribery criminals that regarded the
non-property interests as criminal object, and to punish it according to the
provisions of the criminal law.
3. 如何理解行贿罪中的“为他人谋取利益”
§ 解释：“为他人谋取利益只需要一种许诺，只要收受了财物就是受贿 ”
n How
to understand “gain
benefits for others” in
bribery crimes
u Explanation:
to gain the benefits for others only need a promise, as long as accepting the
property, it’s bribery
4. 如何理解行贿罪“利用职务上便利”
§ 解释：“利用本人在职务上直接处理某项事务的权利”
n How
to understand “taking
advantage in position” in
bribery crimes
u Explanation:
taking advantage of own position to directly deal with something
5. 何谓“利用职权或地位形成的便利条件”
§ 解释：利用与职务有关的便利，即不是直接利用职权，而是利用本人的职权或地位形成的便利条件，而本人从中向请托人索取或非法收受财物的行为。
n What
is “taking
advantage of the position and status to from the convenient conditions”
u Explanation:
use the facilities of duty, not directly use the position terms, but to use own
authority or position to facilitate the convenient conditions, and to gain the
interest from the trustees or illegally accept the property act.
6. 如何理解行贿罪中的“为谋取不正当利益”
§ 解释：“谋取不正当利益”是指谋取违反法律、法规、国家政策和国务院各部门规章规定的利益，以及要求国家工作人员或者有关单位提供违反法律、法规、国家政策和国务院各部门规章规定的帮助或者方便条件。
§ 区分实体上应得，可得和违法利益对性质认定的影响
n How
to understand “to seek
illegitimate interests” in
bribery crime
u Explanation: “to seek illegitimate interests” refers to seek the violation of laws and regulations,
country’s policy and the department’s interests of the state council, and ask the national workers or
the relevant units to provide help or convenient condition of the violation of
laws, regulations, country policy.
u Distinguish
the entity effect, the illegal interests’ influence on nature cognizance.
7. 以出借为名义收受财物的行为如何认定？
§ 解释：所谓借贷形式的行贿受贿是指行贿人为了达到某种目的，借民间借贷形式进行贿赂，国家工作人员利用职务上的便利，以借为名索取、收受他人财物，并为他人谋利益的行为。
n “Accepting the property on the name of lending”how to identify?
u Explanation:
the so-called bribery crime of borrowing forms refers to bribe people in order
to achieve a certain purpose, bribes by borrowing forms, state personnel who
take advantage of their position, accept other’s
property in the name of borrowing, and working for the interests for others.
四、 换一个视角——执法者们如何认定“商业贿赂”
To
change a perspective----how does the law enforcement investigators identify “commercial bribery”?
1. 行政、刑事执法的不同视角
§ 行政执法部门为工商局,依据是《反不正当竞争法》和国家工商行政管理局发布的《关于禁止商业贿赂行为的暂行规 定》,对于触犯刑法的,移交公安,检察机关处理
§ 刑事执法的依据是刑法和<<最高人民法院、最高人民检察院关于在办理受贿犯罪大要案的同时要严肃查处严重行贿
犯罪分子的通知>><< 最高人民法院、最高人民检察院1989年《关于执行〈关于惩治贪污罪贿赂罪的补充规定〉
若干问题酌解答》,执法机关是公安局和检察院
n Different
perspective between administrative and criminal law
u Administrative
enforcement departments is the administration of industry and commerce, is
based on “anti unfair
competition law” and the
state administration of industry and commerce published “the interim provisions of prohibiting the commercial bribery
behavior”, for those who violate the criminal law,
transfer to the public security, procuration.
u The
basis of criminal law enforcement is “TH
Supreme People’s Court, the Supreme People’s Procuration’s notice on seriously
investigating the serious bribery crime when dealing with bribery crime cases”,“the supreme people’s court, the Supreme People’s Procuration’s notice on seriously investigating the serious bribery crime when
dealing with bribery crime cases”, the law enforcement
agencies are Public Security Bureau and Procuration
2. 刑事部门认定商业贿赂犯罪的基本流程
1) “找法”——执法的前奏
2) 贿赂的理论“套框”：
§ 主体要件；
§ 客体要件；
§ 主观要件；
§ 客观要件；
n The
criminal department’s basic process of
identifying commercial bribery crimes
u “Looking for Law”----the prelude of executing
the law
u The
theory’s box set of bribery
ü The
main elements
ü The
object element
ü The
subjective element
ü The
objective element
3. 证据“套框”——圈定贿赂犯罪的常用证据标准：
1) 什么是证据:根据我国刑诉法第四十二条规定，证据，是以法律规定 的形式表现出来的能够证明案件真实性的一切事实。
2) 证据收集的方式:讯问；询问；辩认；搜查；扣押；鉴定
3) 取证的特殊性：
A. 重视再生证据；
B. 注重“一对一”情形下的间接证据的应用；
C. 注重被告人的口供的应用；
D. 坚持供证一致原则：
• 行贿人和受贿人对贿赂行为发生的时间、地点、情节、原因、结果、内容叙述一致；
在以上6项中，后3项属于必须供证一致的范畴，因为它们关系到罪与非罪、罪重与罪轻。
n Evidence’s box set----delineate the common evidence standards of bribery
crime:
u What
is the evidence: according to China’s Criminal
Procedure Law, Article 42, evidence, is the fact to prove the case authenticity
by law regulations .
u The
evidence collection ways: interrogation, inquiry, recognize, search, seizure,
identification
u The
special nature of evidence
ü Pay
attention to the regenerate evidence
ü Pay
attention to the indirect evidence under“one to one”situation
ü Pay
attention to the defendants’ confession
ü Adhere
to the consistent principle for certificate:
² The time, place, details, result, content and reason of
bribery behavior between briber and accept-briber is consistent
• All
the above 6 items, the last 3 items belong to the category of consistent
certificate and evidence, because they are related to the crime or non-crime,
serious crime or slight crime.
更多详情，请联系：Chris Lin | Tel: 86-21-6142 1635*8002 | Mob: 86-136 3652 7143 |
Email: chris.lin@wisdomrockcorp.com